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HYPOTHESIS FOR BEGINNERS: A STEP BY STEP GUIDE ON APPLYING THE RIGHT HYPOTHESIS FOR A RESEARCH STUDY Introduction Hypothesis is a testable prediction, a statement of specific results or a suggested answer to a research problem or a conjectural statement of the relationship between two or more variable being investigated or a deduction from a postulate (Akinade&Owolabi, 2009; Awoniyi, Aderanti&Tayo, 2011; Cherry, 2014).It can be regarded as the suggested answer to a research objective and problem. It is an idea or guess regarding how the researcher thinks the results of a study will look like. Simply put, it is a tentative assumption, supposition, guess, inference, explanation or prediction about some phenomenon that can be tested in a reasonable time frame. It is always put in declarative statement to relate the research variables to each other generally or specifically.While the hypothesis predicts what the researchers expect to see, the goal of research is to det...

THE UNWRITTEN RULES OF PhD RESEARCH The highest level of education that exists is the PhD. While it can be frustrating and tiring, your dissertation, which is your final result is a very rewarding thing for you and a major achievement in your life. With a zeal to help PhD students with their thesis, the duo of Dr. Gordon Rugg and Dr. Marian Petre wrote the book - The Unwritten Rules of PhD Research. This is a no-holds-barred look about what you as an individual needs to know when it comes to PhD research. The tone of the book is witty from the start so that you will smile as you learn the important messages it passes across. In the book, doctoral thesis is seen as a respected work of art, one that you learned from your master as an apprentice. This means that when you present your thesis research, you should present it as someone who has thoroughly learned all about your subject and done all the necessary research on it. Carrying out a PhD research is a huge undertaking...

SECRETS TO DRAFTING A TOP NOTCH QUESTIONNAIRE FOR RESEARCH/SURVEY PURPOSES The importance of questionnaires in research purposes cannot be over emphasized. Questionnaires are a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers in a given rank or order, specially devised for the purpose of a survey or a statistical study. It can also be a written set of questions that are given to people in order to collect facts or opinions about a particular topic of interest. This is chiefly a research or survey questions asked to respondents and designed to extract specific information or response. Questionnaires basically serve four basic purposes. To collect a specific data of interest. To make the data collected to be comparable and amendable to analysis. Minimize leading questions and bias in formulating and asking questions. To make research questions engaging and interesting. It is used in obtaining primary data directly from the respondents under...

HOW TO WRITE AN ABSTRACT PART 1 Due to numerous emails students keep sending to me concerning difficulties they face when trying to write a good and standard abstract, I have decided to pick up my pen once again, do some research and tackle this issue once and for all. Writing an abstract in an important phase in the research process; hence in-order to make good grades with your research project and impress your readers, one must be familiar with the techniques of writing a good, concise and standard abstract. Before I discourse on how to write a good abstract, let’s talk a bit about an abstract. Is it a bird or an insect? Absolutely not a bird or an insect, an abstract in simple terms is a summary of a research project, thesis. Dissertation, research journal etc. abstracts are usually seen at the beginning of research paper. In-order to write good and standard abstract, students must first know how abstracts should be structured and things to avoid when writing one. This art...

SECRET REVEALED: DISCOVER WHAT YOUR PROJECT SUPERVISOR IS LOOKING FOR IN YOUR PROJECT WORK AND HOW YOUR PROJECT IS GRADED Being a ‘regular customer’ to your project supervisor is something now common among many Nigerian final year students. Believe it or leave it! Some students can meet their project supervisors up to 15 times before they scale through chapter one. If you are having headache convincing your supervisor to approve your chapter one or proposal, then this article is for you. You are welcome to my first part of ‘Discover what your supervisor is looking for in your project work’. This first series will cover the proposal/introductory sections of your research work. As we all know, good grades do not just fall from heaven-it takes hard work and favor from God. Before you submit that seminar paper or research paper with the caption ‘submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of a degree’…. Your work must be good enough. The first thing most project supervisors...

4 WAYS YOU CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE The essence of research is to find more knowledge and add to the existing body of knowledge. How has your study contributed to the Body of Knowledge? This is one question students especially at the Masters or PhD level must answer one day. The body of knowledge (BOK) encompasses every field of study from medicine to soap making and even our regular sports. You may choose to look at it as a vast library that needs constant updates from brilliant and creative minds to solve newer issues in the society. If you do not contribute, posterity may suffer because they cannot rely on old data and theories to survive and keep up with the pace at which the world is evolving today coupled with rapid growth in technology. Just imagine if we were to be using research studies on Malaria conducted in 1890 to cure Malaria today...imagine how many people that will die as a result of no current work to show that nutrition has improved, life styl...

DON'TS AND DO'S OF PROJECT WRITING AND PRESENTATION Project writing and presentation is a prerequisite of getting a degree by a student, either for graduate degree or postgraduate degree. You need to read widely and extensively so you can have a lot of materials, combined with what your lecturers thought you, to write a very good project. After the write-up, comes the presentation. To make a good presentation of your project, there are some rules you need to adhere to. There are some do’s and don’ts you should stick to, to make sure that your project presentation goes well. First let’s see the don’ts, the things you should not do. Project Presentation DON'Ts First, don’t just dump all your ideas down onto PowerPoint as a stream of consciousness. Only the main points need to be on the powerpoint pages. Don’t use covers, folders, notebooks or page covers for your thesis. If a standard staple won’t hold your project together, then you are doing something wrong. ...